View Article Google Scholar 7. DIRECT-TO-CONSUMER (DTC) PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING: IMPACTS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS The Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendment of 1962 gave legislative authority to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to regulate prescription drug advertisements (Ta & Frosch, 2008). 27 It has been suggested that few consumers have the clinical and pharmacologic background to properly understand and evaluate DTC advertisements. J Community Genet. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> Although numerous factors are driving this trend, attention has recently focused on the role played by the marketing, promotion and advertising of pharmaceuticals, in particular direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising. (2005). View Article Google Scholar 7. Zurück zum Zitat Liang BA, Mackey TK. Impact of direct-to-consumer drug advertising during the Super Bowl on drug utilization. The relationship between patient exposure to DTCA and the response of clinicians is not well understood. endstream 40 Pages Posted: 11 Apr 2011 Last revised: 19 Sep 2014. We further examine some of the ethical issues which may arise when physicians accept promotional products from pharmaceutical companies. 184 0 obj General Medicine, Geriatrics, and Bioethics ; Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review. Introduction. In a recent project, I’ve studied the impacts of direct-to-consumer advertising for prescription drugs on drug utilization and drug adherence. Direct-to-consumer advertisements had led one third of respondents to ask their physicians for drug information and one fifth to request a prescription. application/pdf “Direct-to-consumer marketing of prescription drugs should be prohibited… Pharmaceutical advertising does not promote public health. Direct-To-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising: Trends, Impact, And Implications Aiming drug ads at consumers means big business for drug companies, but its effect on clinical care is not yet known. Bell, Richard L. Kravitz, Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review. <>stream <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> but noticethe dramaticupsurge in thenumber of prescription drug ads. Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of pharmaceuticals is undertaken by pharmaceutical companies in order to encourage the consumption of medications. In 1997 … Drug marketing is a big business, and companies are willing to spend a lot of money to offer you an easy solution to a health problem you may or may not have. Drug companies spent $905 million on direct-to- consumer (DTC) advertising in the first half of 1999 alone—a 43 percent increase over spending levels a year earlier, according Background Evidence suggests that direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs increases pharmaceutical sales and both helps to avert underuse of medicines and leads to potential overuse. / Wilkes, Michael S.; Bell, Robert A.; Kravitz, Richard L. T1 - Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs is a flourishing industry. AB - We provide an overview of what is known about the impact of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs. One arena in which there has been a dramatic increase in direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of pharmaceuticals is the marketing of psychotherapeutic drugs, especially for depression. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> 180 0 obj Iizuka, T., & Jin, G. Z. We provide an overview of what is known about the impact of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs. RealPage PDF Generator 1.0 Direct to Consumer (DTC) advertising occurs whenever an advertisement is viewed by someone who doesn’t have the ability to go out and purchase that product on their own. Direct-to-consumer advertising for health treatments pops up everywhere, yet the information shared is often incomplete, confusing, or biased. See all articles by Qiang Liu Qiang Liu. RealPage data converter CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Liang BA, Mackey TK. 196 0 obj 2000;19(2):110-128. 305 Scopus citations. Then, using the published literature to date, we review the impact of DTC advertising on the consumer, the medical profession, and the health care system. Direct-to-consumer advertisements had led one third of respondents to ask their physicians for drug information and one fifth to request a prescription. T2 - Trends, impact, and implications. Background Evidence suggests that direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs increases pharmaceutical sales and both helps to avert underuse of medicines and leads to potential overuse. endobj 3 0 obj Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs: Implications for the Patient-Physician Relationship  Kravitz, Richard L. ( 2000-11-01 ) Related Items in Google Scholar <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> We find that the number of DTC prescription drug ads increased nine-fold from 1992 to 2002, while the advertisements for other health care products increased only slightly. Then, using the published literature to date, we review the impact of DTC advertising on the consumer, the medical profession, and the health care system. Alpert: Pharmaceutical advertising has been in the news a lot lately because the American Medical Association recently called for a ban on all direct-to-consumer advertising for prescription drugs. Health Aff (Millwood). J Med Internet Res. Bell, Richard L. Kravitz General Medicine, Geriatrics, and Bioethics 257 0 obj In fact, by the early 1800s, patent medicine DTCA … 156 0 obj 13 Wilkes MS, Bell RA, Kravitz RL: Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising: trends, impact, and implications. uuid:a1afe39f-1dd1-11b2-0a00-1e0000000000 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar; 29 National Health Council. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy , 22 (3). x���������0�o�PD������@d�jxPTT����?�� �[ Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising: trends, impact, and implications. From 2012 to 2015, yearly spending on prescription drug advertising in all media outlets (except digital) rose from $3.2 billion to $5.2 billion, and that figure is expected to only go up. Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising. Recent studies have generally fallen into one of three categories: firstly, the effects of DTC advertising on consumers, secondly, individual differences in consumer response, and thirdly, the content of DTC advertising and trends. Health Commun 16: 131–157. endobj Specifically, we explore the historical trends that led to the industry's increasing use of this form of promotion. 2 0 obj In the United States, starting in the eighteenth century, it was commonplace for newspapers to run advertisements for patent medications—chemical compounds and concoctions that had little-to-no curative effect—that were paid for and pitched by medicine companies and supposed physicians [1, 2]. I then … %PDF-1.4 %���� We conclude by offering policy suggestions for how the pharmaceutical industry can promote its products more responsibly, how the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can regulate DTC advertising more effectively, and how the medical and public health communities can educate the public about drug therapies more constructively.". [255 0 R/FitH] View Article PubMed Google Scholar. Wiles MSBell RAKravitz RL Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising: trends, impact, and implications. Spending on outpatient prescription drugs in the US is accelerating rapidly. Specifically, we explore the historical trends that led to the industry's increasing use of this form of promotion. endobj endobj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> It has been nine years since the Food and Drug Administration relaxed its interpretation of the 1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendments and unleashed a torrent of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertisements in print, on radio and on television [1]. The impact of direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs on physician visits and drug requests: Empirical findings and public policy implications Created Date 5/12/2015 12:19:47 AM Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising: trends, impact, and implications. 32 0 obj Promotion of prescription drugs to consumers. J Med Internet Res. Specifically, we explore the historical trends that led to the industry's increasing use of this form of promotion. The relationship between patient exposure to DTCA and the response of clinicians is not well understood. 26-11. Methods A randomized postal survey of Arizona primary care provider physicians (n = 1080) and physician assistants (n = 704) was conducted. Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising: Trends, impact, and implications. Although numerous factors are driving this trend, attention has recently focused on the role played by the marketing, promotion and advertising of pharmaceuticals, in particular direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising. <>stream Drug companies spent $905million on direct-to-consumer(DTC) advertisingin thefirst halfof 1999 alone—a 43percentincreaseoverspendinglevelsayearearlier,according to IMS Health.CBS HealthWatchreportsthatin 1998,66 percentof drugconsumersin thecentral UnitedStates recalled endobj UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0005231055&partnerID=8YFLogxK, UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0005231055&partnerID=8YFLogxK, Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine™ © 2021 Elsevier B.V, "We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. [Google Scholar] 10. DTC Drug Advertising: Study Finds Mixed Impact on Patients, Prescribers Posted 18 April 2019 | By Michael Mezher A new literature review of studies of direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising identifies potential positives and negatives for DTC advertising on the patient-prescriber relationship and highlights gaps in the current medical literature on the topic. endobj Health Commun 16: 131–157. 2011;13, e64. Then, using the published literature to date, we review the impact of DTC advertising on the consumer, the medical profession, and the health care system. uuid:a1afe398-1dd1-11b2-0a00-160a271dc500 Specifically, we explore the historical trends that led to the industry's increasing use of this form of promotion. International Journal of Research in Marketing, Forthcoming. endobj endobj Moynihan R (2002) Selling sickness: The pharmaceutical industry and disease mongering. Moynihan R (2002) Selling sickness: The pharmaceutical industry and disease mongering. Direct to consumer advertising in Pharmaceutocal markets. 172 0 obj Spending on prescription drugs is the fastest growing component of the health care budget. 176 0 obj This paper examines the impact and interrelationships between direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) and physician‐oriented marketing on the sales composition of the prescription (Rx) and over‐the‐counter (OTC) versions of antiulcer and heartburn medications. We investigate the educational value of direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertisements from 58 popular magazines published in 1992 and 2002. AU - Kravitz, Richard L. PY - 2000. Johnson School Research Paper Series No. AU - Wilkes, Michael S. AU - Bell, Robert A. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> Specifically, we explore the historical trends that led to the industry's increasing use of this form of promotion. ... Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising: Trends, impact, and implications. Google Scholar. 35 0 obj Then, using the published literature to date, we review the impact of DTC advertising on the consumer, the medical profession, and the health care system. ... the use of advertising to make positive impact. Interrupted time-series analysis models were created to test changes in trends of prescriptions for efinaconazole and tavaborole. We conclude by offering policy suggestions for how the pharmaceutical industry can promote its products more responsibly, how the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can regulate DTC advertising more effectively, and how the medical and public health communities can educate the public about drug therapies more constructively. Health Aff (Millwood). The Effect of Prescription Drug Advertising on Doctor Visits. Because medicalization is thought to reduce blame and stigma attached to deviant conditions such as mental illness, the rise of DTCA for depression drugs may be altering public conceptions of mental … This paper examines the impact and interrelationships between direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) and physician‐oriented marketing on the sales composition of the prescription (Rx) and over‐the‐counter (OTC) versions of antiulcer and heartburn medications. We conclude by offering policy suggestions for how the pharmaceutical industry can promote its products more responsibly, how the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can regulate DTC advertising more effectively, and how the medical and public health communities can educate the public about drug therapies more constructively. Prescription Drugs and Direct to Consumer Advertising. 2001-10-30T10:11:32Z Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising: trends, impact and implications. The presence of physicians in the direct-to-consumer genetic testing context. In 1997 … 39 0 obj Journal of Health Economics , Vol.19 (2) , Pg.102-130. Little is known about how repeated exposure to direct-to-consumer prescription drug promotion can impact consumers’ retention and perceptions of drug information. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:498-505. United States Food and Drug Administration, Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising: Trends, impact, and implications. The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs on Physician Visits and Drug Requests: Empirical Findings and Public Policy Implications . endobj As a result, there has been tremendous growth of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA), illustrated by the increase in spending on DTCA related to prescription drugs from an estimated $55 million in 1991 to $3.2 billion in 2003. Bell, and Richard L. Kravitz PROLOGUE: Anyone who … by Michael S. Wilkes, Robert A. 2016-10-27T07:28:23-07:00 x�c�?�� �� H��2�q 0�?3[@pW@��� o8q Although numerous factors are driving this trend, attention has recently focused on the role played by the marketing, promotion and advertising of pharmaceuticals, in particular direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising. 256 0 obj Implications for public policy are examined. The influence of direct-to-consumer advertising and physician promotions are examined in this study. The emergence of direct-to-consumer advertising (“DTCA”) in the late 1990s - a form of pharmaceutical marketing that directly advertises prescription drugs and targets the consumer/patient – represented a new opportunity for industry marketing diversification and influencing prescription drug sales and utilization [6–8]. 152 0 obj BMJ 324: 886–890. endobj N2 - We provide an overview of what is known about the impact of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs. 1 In both the United States and New Zealand such drugs are also directly promoted to consumers. endobj 192 0 obj In this paper, I develop and estimate a structural model that explains the demand side behavior in the market for prescription drugs. DIRECT-TO-CONSUMER (DTC) PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING: IMPACTS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS DAYNA M. PORTER Grand Valley State University In 1997, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued relaxed guidelines for direct-to- consumer (DTC) pharmaceutical marketing and in response, pharmaceutical industry spending on DTC promotion grew from $791 million in 1999 … <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> <> If FDA identifies a violation of laws or regulations in a DTC advertising material, the agency may issue a regulatory letter asking the drug company to take specific actions. Health Affairs 19:110–128 CrossRef Google Scholar Witt MD, Gostin LO (1994) Conflict of interest dilemmas in biomedical research. endobj Howard HC, Pascal B. In addition to its deceptive nature, direct-to-consumer advertising of pharmaceuticals is driving up the cost of prescription drugs, according to critics. 2000;10110- 128 … <> By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. N2 - We provide an overview of what is known about the impact of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs. <> Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising : Trends, impact, and implications. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> These ads bypass healthcare providers and selling their products directly to eager consumers, leaving pharmaceutical companies to influence patients to ask their doctors for expensive brand-name drugs sold by the company. The data revealed that direct-to-consumer advertising is likely to increase the request rates of both the drug category and the drug brand … <>stream 168 0 obj Kurt R. Brekkea, & Kuhnb, M. (2006). We provide an overview of what is known about the impact of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs. Guidelines issued in 1997 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regarding advertising to consumers through electronic media are considered by some to be respo… Prevalence and global health implications of social media in direct-to-consumer drug advertising. endstream <>stream Together they form a unique fingerprint. 254 0 obj 203 0 obj 160 0 obj 75 0 obj endobj The emergence of direct-to-consumer advertising (“DTCA”) in the late 1990s - a form of pharmaceutical marketing that directly advertises prescription drugs and targets the consumer/patient – represented a new opportunity for industry marketing diversification and influencing prescription drug … <>/ProcSet[/PDF/ImageC/Text]/XObject<>>> The pharmaceutical industry has applied pressure in other countries to relax regulations governing such marketing although this has not yet been successful. There is public concern about the possibility that direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs will result in inappropriate prescribing and higher costs of care. T1 - Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising. Marketing … Prescription drug advertisements which appeared in two leading American medical journals in 1972, 1977 and 1982 were analyzed to discover possible trends in advertising. endobj The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies DTCA into three types: (1) reminder advertisements contain the name of a drug only and are designed to reinforce brand recognition; (2) help-seeking advertisements … Specifically, we explore the historical trends that led to the industry's increasing use of this form of promotion. 2016-10-27T07:28:23-07:00 Then, using the published literature to date, we review the impact of DTC advertising on the consumer, the medical profession, and the health care system. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising also continues to be a major topic of debate and inquiry. Spending on outpatient prescription drugs in the US is accelerating rapidly. Number of prescription drug advertisements and space allocation by year 1972 1977 1982 Ads Pages Ads Pages Ads Pages JAMA 814 1672 651 1496 NEJM 1009 1932 663 1566 Totals 1823 3604 1314 3062 815 2216 1064 2948 1879 5164 Prescription drug advertising: trends and implications 193 of pages for these advertisements, a very similar average increase of pages per advertisement … Michael S. Wilkes, Robert A. and Kravitz, {Richard L.}", General Medicine, Geriatrics, and Bioethics. endobj We conclude by offering policy suggestions for how the pharmaceutical industry can promote its products more responsibly, how the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can regulate DTC advertising more effectively, and how the medical and public health communities can educate the public about drug therapies more constructively. Wilkes MS, Bell RA, Kravtiz RL (2000) Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising: trends, impact, and implications. Direct-To-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising: Trends, Impact, And Implications Aiming drug ads at consumers means big business for drug companies, but its effect on clinical care is not yet known. Health Aff (Millwood) 2000; 19:110–128. The Medical Messiahs: A Social History of Health Quackery in Twentieth-Century America. title = "Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising: Trends, impact, and implications". endobj The Wild West (and East).Drug makers have been advertising their products directly to the public for as long as the practice of medicine has been in existence. [epub ahead of print on September 6, 2011] [Europe PMC free article] [Google Scholar] 11. In the US, the most common form of DTC advertising comes from the pharmaceutical industry. 188 0 obj Google Scholar; 28 Rosenthal MB, Berndt ER, Donohue JM, Frank RG, Epstein AM. The welfare implications of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) have garnered considerable attention and are complicated since the consumer delegates some decision-making authority to the physician, who is exposed to advertising as well. Direct-To-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising: Trends, Impact, And Implications M Wilkes, R Bell, R Kravitz: Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising: Trends, impact, and implications Health Aff (Millwood) 19: 110 – 128, 2000 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 2. CONCLUSIONS: Direct-to-consumer advertisements are reaching the public, but selectively so, and affecting their behaviors.
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