Check out 5 interesting facts about this country below. Tuvalu is a small island country in the Pacific Ocean. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 56, 269-289. Tuvalu used to be called, “The Ellice Islands” or “Lagoon Islands.” Tuvalu is an old name meaning “Eight Standing Together.” Although Tuvalu has a total of nine islands; three reef islands and six true atolls, only eight were inhabited, as one has very little land that is above sea level. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands). This page was last edited on 19 March 2021, at 09:11. The House of Representatives only had the authority to recommend laws; the Governing Council had the authority to enact laws following a recommendation from the House of Representatives.[32]. Very often, this name applied only to the southern islands of the archipelago. Gilbert and Ellice Islands, former British colony, west-central Pacific Ocean. [20] In 1913, an anonymous correspondent to The New Age journal described the maladministration of Telfer Campbell, linked it to criticisms of the Pacific Phosphate Company, which was operating on Ocean Island, and questioned Mahaffy’s impartiality.[21]. – Source: BBC News. On 1 January 1976, full administration of the new colony was transferred from South Tarawa to Funafuti. Williams, M., & Macdonald, B. K. (1985). Seaplanes have been used for interisland travel, but generally the outer islands depend on a single government vessel. It became apparent that the Elliceans were concerned about their minority status on the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, and the Elliceans wanted equal representation to that of the Gilbertese. The group includes both atolls and reef islands. 1. On 12 January 1916, the islands’ status was changed[22] to that of a Crown Colony. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls. Pigs and chickens are raised, and seabirds, fish, and shellfish are caught for food. The agreement was subsequently renegotiated but details were not disclosed. He commanded La Coquille, circumnavigating the globe between 1822 and 1825. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv" for $50 million in royalties over a 12-year period. Tuvalu was originally part of the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands from 1892. Have you heard of the country called Tuvalu? [3] The Ellice Islands comprise three reef islands and six true atolls, spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176° to 180°, west of the International Date Line. [35] As a consequence of the 1974 Ellice Islands self-determination referendum, separation occurred in two stages. In 1857, the British established a protectorate over this general area (but not specifically over these islands), under the Pacific Islanders Protection Act[13] In 1877, they established one over the British Western Pacific Territories. Formerly the Ellice Islands, it was administered together with the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati) until 1975. The colony consisted of the Gilbert Islands, Tuvalu (formerly Ellice Islands), the northern Line Islands, and the Phoenix Islands. Most Tuvaluans live in villages of a few hundred people, tend their gardens, and fish from handcrafted canoes. The precedence of Tarawa Atoll. The second stage occurred on 1 January 1976 when two separate administrations were created out of the civil service of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony. South of the Gilbert Islands lie the Ellice Islands (also called Tuvalu), which were previously politically connected with them. Covering a total land area of only 26 sq. Tuvalu is a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth, with the British monarch (through a governor-general) as head of state. The vast majority of the population belongs to the Church of Tuvalu (the former Ellice Islands Protestant Church). The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesians. The five islands of the Central and Southern Line Islands were added to the colony in 1972.[27]. Traditional music and dancing still enjoy a strong following, along with Western forms. Then, Sir John Bates Thurston appointed Charles Richard Swayne as the first resident commissioner of the Ellice Islands in 1892 and as the first resident commissioner of the Gilbert Islands in 1893. They are part of Remote Oceania, and traditionally part of the Micronesia subregion of Oceania. Macdonald, B. K. (1982). On 1 October 1975, legal separation from the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), took place. In 1886, an Anglo-German agreement partitioned the “unclaimed” central Pacific, leaving Nauru in the German sphere of influence, while placing Ocean Island and the future GEIC in the British sphere of influence. In 1974 Ministerial government was introduced in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony through a change to the Constitution.[32]. In addition some not necessarily always peaceful contacts with the Gilbert-Islands to the NW are recorded. Canberra, May 1971. He eventually visited the islands and appointed a single resident commissioner and local tax collectors[17] At first, the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT) were administered by a high commissioner who resided in Fiji (and later in the British Solomon Islands). The islands became part of the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176° to 180°, west of the International Date Line. The development of administration continued with the creation in 1963 of an Advisory Council of five officials and 12 representatives who were appointed by the Resident Commissioner. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. During the year 1916, the Union Islands (Tokelau) were also annexed to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony. & 0. [32] The British conducted a formal inquiry into Tuvaluan attitudes towards secession, and announced that a referendum was to be held, in which Tuvaluans could choose to remain with the Gilberts or secede. The Gilbertese initiated a cultural movement called Tungaru led by Reuben Uatioa and created the Gilbertese National Party in 1965, protesting that British rulers showed preference to Ellicean civil servants. From this total 7,465 were “Polynesians” (mostly from Tuvalu) and 1,155 “Others” (Europeans and Mongoloids). [32], A census in 1968 counted the population of the colony at 53,517 residents. On 28 November 1919, Great Britain reasserted its claim to Christmas Island and annexed it to the colony. A new constitution was introduced in 1971, which provided that each of the Ellice Islands (except Niulakita) elected one representative. Although most people live on the outer islands in extended family households clustered into villages, about one-third of the population lives on Funafuti, the centre of government and commerce. Ellice Islands (1976-78) Tuvalu and Kiribati were a single colony, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. Cinderellas of the Empire: Towards a History of Kiribati and Tuvalu, Australian National University Press, Canberra. He sailed between the Line Islands and the Phoenix Islands, but without sighting land. The Gilbert Islands are the main part of what is now the Republic of Kiribati ("Kiribati" is the Gilbertese rendition of "Gilberts"[1]) The atolls of the Gilbert Islands are arranged in an approximate north-to-south line. 1916, Nos. Its population of 11,992 makes it the second-least-populated independent country in the world. The Tuvaluans are Polynesian, and their language, Tuvaluan, is closely related to Samoan. An inquiry into this allegation was held by Arthur William Mahaffy, a former district officer in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1896–1898),[19] and he issued his findings in 1909. However, that did not end the Tuvaluan movement for separation. 1967 Gilbert and Ellice Islands general election, 1971 Gilbert and Ellice Islands general election, 1974 Gilbert and Ellice Islands general election, 1974 Ellice Islands self-determination referendum, postage stamps and postal history of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, "Agreement between Tuvalu and Kiribati concerning their Maritime Boundary", "Spanish Discoveries in the Central Pacific: A Study in Identification", "The Mystery of Gran Cocal: European Discovery and Mis-Discovery in Tuvalu", "Chapter 7 Expansion of the Protectorate 1898–1900", "Pacific Islanders Protection Act, ss. It gave the British governor in Fiji the authority to establish an administration in the Gilberts. Professor of History, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. The most important language spoken in Tuvalu is Tuvaluan, although Nuian is spoken on the island of Nui. The British authorities had relocated most of the population to Rabi Island, Fiji, after 1945, but by the 1970s some were returning to Banaba. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls. However, he ultimately discovered what he called "Isla de Jesús", (probably Nui, amongst the Ellice island group). Formerly called Ellice Islands is a Polynesian island nation made up of three reef islands and six true atolls. In 1908, the government’s headquarters was moved to Ocean Island (today known as Banaba). The Gilbert Islands attained independence on 12 July 1979 under the name Kiribati by the Kiribati Independence Order 1979, as a republic with Commonwealth membership. There is a single bank, a joint government-commercial venture. The islands are low-lying, most being 13 to 16 feet (4 to 5 metres) above sea level. Tuvalu is a member of the South Pacific Forum. Tuvalu, formerly Ellice Islands, country in the west-central Pacific Ocean. He was succeeded in 1895 by William Telfer Campbell, who established himself on Tarawa,[18] and remained in office until 1908. Tuvalu is known for a country that has no negative temperature to be recorded. Geographically, the equator is the dividing line between the northern Gilbert Islands and the southern Gilbert Islands. It is the fourth-smallest country in the world. Medical facilities are centralized on Funafuti, but all other islands have clinics with trained medical staff. That day the colonial flag was lowered for the last time with a parade commemorating both the newly independent state and in memorial of the intense battles fought on Tarawa in World War II. Independence was granted in 1978. Tuvalu, formerly Ellice Islands, country in the west-central Pacific Ocean. The headquarters of the Colony were transferred from Betio to Bairiki. After the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay was published, the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands in the Ellice Island group, which is now called Tuvalu.[11]. What is the world’s largest archipelago? Until 1977, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony (GEIC) was designated ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 (country code "GE"). Tuvalu has air links with Kiribati and Fiji; for international shipping, it depends on irregular regional services. In 1974, ethnic differences within the colony caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Gilbert Islands (later Kiribati). It is composed of nine small coral islands scattered in a chain lying approximately northwest to southeast over a distance of some 420 miles (676 km). The islands were once known as the Ellice Islands. Skyscanner compares the best travel sites to bring you the cheapest price on your Ellice Islands hotels - Skyscanner Hotels Hotels in Ellice Islands | Search and compare Ellice Islands hotels COVID-19 (Coronavirus) may impact your travel plans. The Elliceans (further Tuvaluans) were concerned about their minority status in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony. The word “Tuvalu” means ‘eight standing together’ in reference to … The Gilbert Islands (formerly Kingsmill Islands) are a chain of sixteen atolls and coral islands arranged in an… [27][29][30], By the Tokelau Act of 1948, sovereignty over Tokelau was transferred to New Zealand. The atolls—Nanumea, Nui, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae—have islets encircling a shallow lagoon; the reef islands—Nanumanga, Niutao, Vaitupu, and Niulakita—are compact with a fringing reef. In the 1930s, British officials tried to choose a less cumbersome name for the GEIC. Administration of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Protectorate administered as part of the British Western Pacific Territories, Elections and the transition to parliamentary government, Dissolution of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony, The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Protectorate was annexed and made a colony by the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Order in Council, 1915 (S.R. First visited by Europeans by the early 19th century, the group was proclaimed a British Nui, however, was heavily settled in prehistoric times by Micronesians from the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati). If the sea level keeps rising at the same rate, this country will be covered by water in about 50 years.. Contemporary Tuvalu is a group of nine small islands and atolls, including the historically uninhabited Niulakita. The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about three thousand years ago. The Gilbert and Ellice Islands were a British protectorate from 1892 and colony from 1916 until January 1, 1976, when the islands were divided into two colonies which became the independent nations of Kiribati and Tuvalu shortly after. During World War II, American military bases were set up on several islands and Funafuti airfield was used to launch raids against the Japanese in both the Gilbert and Marshall Islands. A select committee of the House of Representatives was established to consider whether the constitution should be changed to give legislative power to the House of Representatives. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Samoa and Fiji. Davis R.N., of HMS Royalist made the sixteen islands of the Gilbert Islands a British protectorate. It imports most of its food, fuel, and manufactured goods.
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