Earth Live Satellite View Of My House. Much like our own world, Middle-earth has unfortunately played host to several major conflicts over the millennia. Key publications included the setting books Umbar: Haven of the Corsairs (1982),[36] Far Harad (1988),[37] and Greater Harad (1990),[38] as well as the adventure books Warlords of the Desert (1989),[39] Forest of Tears (1989),[40] and Hazards of the Harad Wood (1990). Bats were large flying creatures that roamed in the forests of Middle-earth. Walkthrough: Evil Campaign", "The Lord of the Rings: Online Trading Card Game – Starter Deck Guide", "The Lord of the Rings, The Battle for Middle-earth II Walkthrough", "The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring - Perfect Walkthrough", "Review: Middle-earth: Shadow of War - Desolation of Mordor", Risk: The Lord of the Rings Trilogy Edition, Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings", The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harad&oldid=1013656586#Geography, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 March 2021, at 19:35. Related. ", cried Damrod to his companion. Rohan lost 2000 of its 6000 men, but lost a bunch more horses. I also remember Tolkien writing that Sam may have been shocked into thinking they were larger than they were. The second appearance of oliphaunts (this time refered to as Mûmakil) is in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. [31][32][33] "Haradrim Slayers" feature in the computer game The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring,[34] while in the video game Middle-earth: Shadow of War, Baranor, a playable character who is a captain in Gondor's guard, is originally from Harad. So it also seems probable that multiple Mûmakil were employed to pull the siege towers, and if that is the case we don't need to estimate them to be much higher than a modern elephant or mammoth. "[T 20]) in Aftonbladet as "stereotypical and reflective of colonial attitudes". Tolkien based the Haradrim on ancient Aethiopians, people of Sub-Saharan Africa, following his philological research on the Old English word Sigelwara. I have as well, any that can knock you off your feet with its ears (don't touch its upper trunk) is scary to me. [T 11] The people of Far Harad were black-skinned; a group of them is described as "black men like half-trolls with white eyes and red tongues" and "troll-men". Thanks for the great answers everyone! [30], The Haradrim and the Corsairs of Umbar appear in much merchandise for the film trilogy, such as toys, The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game, and the computer game The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II. Trending Posts. [T 11][T 12] Frodo and Sam meet Faramir and his Rangers of Ithilien just before the latter ambush a company of Haradrim on the North Road. Watching the 4K version and saw this: 5 remaining Mûmakil leaving Pelennor Fields after the battle is over. So I spent some time speculating around. So it is at least not higher than the trees in that part of Ithilien. Uses in Video Games The mumakil is in many Lord of the Rings themed video games. Somehow the Haradrim tamed them and the result was possibly the most brutally effective beast of war that Middle-ea… This warrior is described as having "brown" skin, with black plaits of hair braided with gold. How big where they? However, I will argue that those were Mûmakil, too: When hit by too many darts, they. This is a list ofall structures from the first game,The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth. The ships are different types of galleys, with both oars and sails; some are named as dromunds, others as having a deep draught (requiring a deep channel), many oars, and black sails. Welcome to r/tolkienfans! ... What troubled Éomer most were the many orphans and widows left behind by the riders killed in the war. Of course this is just an approximation. Paul Bentley Kern in Ancient Siege Warfare, p. 181 claims that yoking the oxen in a way that they all could walk in file was the standard method during ancient days to lessen exposure to enemy fire, so size of the Mûmak wouldn't be too much of a limiting factor here (as opposed to two or three walking abreast). Amon Hen (Sindarin: "Hill of the Eye") is a hill on the west side of the river Anduin, at the southern end of the long lake Nen Hithoel, by the Falls of Rauros. By deo10_01 92 comments Help your fellow builder by leaving your feedback based on these three criteria: Originality: How original is this - never seen before? Near Harad corresponds loosely with North Africa or the Maghreb, while Far Harad, the vastly larger of the two regions, corresponds loosely with sub-Saharan Africa. Magoun explains that Gondor is both virtuous, being West, and has problems, being South; Mordor in the Southeast is hellish, while Harad in the extreme South "regresses into hot savagery". [17], The Germanic studies scholar Sandra Ballif Straubhaar notes that it is not clear whether Tolkien meant the Haradrim to be grouped with his "Wild Men", though he named them as ancient enemies of Gondor. I've never thought about the mumakil from this perspective. Thanks for the interesting read. On he came, straight towards the watchers, and then swerved aside in the nick of time, passing only a few yards away, rocking the ground beneath their feet: his great legs like trees, enormous sail-like ears spread out, long snout upraised like a huge serpent about to strike, his small red eyes raging. Did Tolkien ever write in much detail about the lands to the South and East? How tall are the walls of Minas Tirith? Duryodhana rides an elephant into battle to bolster the demoralized Kaurava army. All citations from the 1999 paperback edition. I found claims from 0.5 to 3 tonnes, but the folks over here seem to know what they're talking about, and they all agree that elephants are relatively less effective than horses. Théoden: "Rohirrim! Straubhaar contrasts this with Sam Gamgee's more humane response to the sight of a dead Harad warrior, which she finds "harder to find fault with": "He was glad that he could not see the dead face. They eventually settled in Harad, where the Sun is fierce and there are no clouds. Théoden clashes with the Witch-king and dies under the weight of his horse, as his opponent is killed by Éowyn and Merry. Description from the publisher:The Mûmakil is the first Adventure Pack in the Haradrim cycle for The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game.After surviving their first adventures amid The Sands of Harad, several of Middle-earth’s greatest heroes find themselves surrounded by enemies and stranded far from home. The border with Mordor runs along the southern Mountains of Shadow. Follow/Fav Of Falcons and Mûmakil. In the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, the leader of the Haradrim army is killed by King Théoden of Rohan. [T 4], The great harbour city of Umbar lies on Harad's north-west coast; its natural harbour is the base of the Corsairs of Umbar, inspired by the Barbary pirates,[1] who provide the Dark Lord Sauron with a sizeable fleet. Over to Dan… [T 15][8] Under King Hyarmendacil I "South-victor" of Gondor, Harad becomes a vassal of Gondor. [29] The battle scene in Ithilien between the rangers of Gondor and the men of Harad was shot at the Twelve Mile Delta near Queenstown, New Zealand. In the film adaptations of The Hobbit , there are several moments in which Legolas’s apparent weightlessness is exploited further, however none can top the scene where he somehow runs up a series of falling stones . It is clear that this information is totally useless in the light of what I've said before. In The Return of the King (2003), Legolas can be found climbing a Mûmakil by nimbly swinging from arrows that are lodged into the animal’s hide. [6], Gondor described Harad as consisting of Near Harad and Far Harad. By: Lialathuveril. Straubhaar writes that "a polycultured, polylingual world is absolutely central"[25] to Middle-earth, and that readers and filmgoers will easily see that. Dan has been fielding Mûmaks at events for many years, and has six Mûmakil of his own – enough for his very own warherd! [T 16] By the time of the War of the Ring, the Haradrim are again under the dominion of Sauron, and the Haradrim Corsairs provide the whole of his Black Fleet; many other Haradrim join his armies, some riding mûmakil. [T 19][a] This was exactly the sort of "stray pagan concept"[16] hinting at England's lost mythology that Tolkien wanted. "[7], The Men of Harad are called Haradrim ("South-multitude"), Haradwaith, or Southrons by the people of Gondor. It seems to be clear that they were considerably higher than 6 meters. The ruins of what seemed a very war-tower lay upon his heaving back, smashed in his furious passage through the woods; and high upon his neck still desperately clung a tiny figure – the body of a mighty warrior, a giant among the Swertings. Presumably the captains of the Dark Lord were more concerned with the psychological impact of the Mûmakil, which is apparent in the reaction Gondorian ranger Damrod shows in LotR II, 332: "Ware! But when Legolas kills one single-handedly, that shot shows it standing at maybe 10 times Legolas' height, which would be approximate 20 meters. J. R. R. Tolkien (1989), ed. [2] The Quenya word Hyarmen similarly means "south" in addition to being the name of the country. On the other, eastern side of the lake is the hill Amon Lhaw. NOTE: THIS IS NOT A SUGGESTION! The Mûmakil is the first Adventure Pack in the Haradrim cycle for The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game. From there, she notes that the "recurring accusations in the popular media" of a racist view of the story are "interesting". Now, it all comes down to whether the Mûmakil were pulling the towers in teams or alone. This must also mean that the siege towers were considerably higher and heavier, to the point where we would need multiple teams of elephants. Christopher Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II, "Tolkien annotated map of Middle-earth acquired by Bodleian library", J.R.R. They are "ethnic others but not as ugly",[8] they have a rich culture and well-trained elephants. [26] She argues instead that Gollum's view, with its "arbitrary and stereotypical assumptions about the 'Other'",[26] is absurd, and that Gollum cannot be taken as an authority on Tolkien's opinion. So it also seems probable that multiple Mûmakil were employed to pull the siege towers, and if that is the case we don't need to estimate them to be much higher than a modern elephant or mammoth. "[T 21][26] Straubhaar quotes Shapiro, who wrote in The Scotsman that "Put simply, Tolkien's good guys are white and the bad guys are black, slant-eyed, unattractive, inarticulate, and a psychologically undeveloped horde". The trees there seem to rarely grow beyond 30 to 35 meter, so I'd say maybe 20 meters would be a good upper boundary for the size of the Mûmak seen by Sam. In the Second Age Sauron escaped the judgment of the Valar and continued his former master's work, … The exception would be, she suggests, the men of Far [Southern] Harad whom the people of Gondor saw as "black men like half-trolls with white eyes and red tongues". Tolkien based the Haradrim on ancient Aethiopians, people of Sub-Saharan Africa, following his philological research on the Old English word Sigelwara. "May the Valar turn him aside! The largest known mammoths are said to have a weight of about 9 tonnes with a height of 4 meters (so height doesn't seem to go up as fast as weight), with exceptionally large males at 12 tonnes (dixit wiki). Mûmakil have an appearance akin to that of an elephant, sporting thick, arrow-resistant skin, and sharp tusks. So using the above estimates, it should be reasonable to expect a single team of elephants pulling such a tower. I realise you state this is an upper limit, but it's not even in the same ballpark as earth's elephants. [10], Tolkien arrived at the idea of Harad, a hot Southern land, through his philological work. I had been searching for Erestor for months, and all that time, he had been skulking in Far Harad, the wretch. If they pulled them alone, it stands to reason that the Mûmak would have to have at least double to triple the mass of a modern elephant, and be of a much greater height. [5] [The Mûmakil run past the retreating Orcs.] We emphasise serious discussion here over jokey/meme-based posts. It seems clear that they filled a similar role but must have at least had thicker skin, if they were not much larger. Critics have debated whether Tolkien was racist in making the protagonists white and the antagonists black, but others have noted that he was strongly anti-racist in real life, opposing any attempt to demonise the enemy in both World Wars. Reform the line! He deduced that this word referred to some kind of soot-black fire demon before it was applied to the Aethiopians. The Old English Biblical poem Exodus in the tenth-century Codex Junius 11 includes a passage that caught Tolkien's attention:[11], Tolkien was interested in particular in the Old English word used for "Aethiopians": it was Sigelwara, or in Tolkien's emendation Sigelhearwan. Charge!" This is a very admirable answer. Gondor then lost a full 8000 soldiers, bearing the brunt of that assault. Players are also welcome to own multiple Premium Houses at the same time. He based the Haradrim's use of war elephants, meanwhile, on that of Pyrrhus of Epirus in his war against Ancient Rome. You guys are the reason I can't spend any time in r/lotr, The sound of your voice sends tingles of joy down my back, New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, More posts from the tolkienfans community. The scenes of them approaching Pelannor Fields show orcs looking like ants beneath them, as they first enter the battlefield they look to be hundreds of feet tall. Most bats were part of the forest's ecosystem, however, some bats were bred from darkness and variants of vampires and were known for their service to the forces of Darkness. Press J to jump to the feed. Sound the charge!" He is armed with a sword and has a corslet of brazen scales. 2. Massive, often ferocious beasts, their legs were like trees, their bodies were larger than a house, they had enormous sail-like ears, and they had a long snout like a huge serpent. [18][b], Solopova argues that the Haradrim's mûmakil war elephants put their country far to the East, since only India and lands to its east went on using war elephants after classical times. Its people are the dark-skinned Haradrim or Southrons; their warriors wear scarlet and gold, and are armed with swords and round shields; some ride gigantic elephants called mûmakil. [17] Lee and Solopova also mention that Tolkien could have used the Old English version by Ælfric of the Book of Maccabees, which carefully introduces elephants to its Anglo-Saxon audience, using much the same phrase as Sam Gamgee, "māre þonne sum hūs", "bigger than a house", before describing their use in battle; the hero stabs the elephant, which is carrying a "wīghūs", a "battle-house", from below. ), so do they come from the South and doesn't Jackson portray them as coming from the East? In any case it seems certain that using the Mûmakil as pulling animals, especially on pretty even ground, was very ineffective, not even taking into account the logistical nightmare of keeping them fed. [Gamling blows his horn.] The Haradrim are of various ethnicities and cultures; some are organized into kingdoms. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Mûmak! Oxen are perfectly suited to such a task, since they can pull 1.5-2 times their own weight, much more effective than horses, he cites for example 16 oxen (I assume 16, he talks of eight yokes or ὀκτὼ ζεύγη, which usually is a pair) for a smaller siege tower used by Cyrus on which twenty men were stationed (Xenophon, Cyrop. A companion book on the film's "Creatures" states that the Haradrim were based on 12th century Saracens. This is something we know from examples of ancient siege warfare, though usually oxen were used because of their better power to weight ratio. The same passage sheds a little more light on the possible height of the Mûmak: Samwise sees it crashing "out of the trees" (ibid. [T 7] The debut Lord of the Rings movie was the first film to use a digital database that stored every single frame, ready to be digitally enhanced. I couldn't find any information on this apart from that it, was of great height and marvellous thickness, built ere the power and craft of Númenor waned in exile [LotR III, 104], and the towers themselves are described as "huge" (LotR III, 111). Elephants were never used in such a way to the best of my knowledge, though. Creatures: Great Eagle, Mûmakil, Fallbeast, Treebeard, Cave-troll, Balrog, Sauron. One would assume this is now commonplace. Probably 4000. The xxxx-xxxx before each building indicates health at Level 1 cost without discount. Their leaders have a serpent emblem. Lord of the Rings: The Mûmakil. A number following a percentage discount bonus indicates how much buildings are needed to gain this bonus. The version of Mûmakil that would be most commonly encountered by good players, they would only spawn in their own seperate, very elite invasion. Its main port is Umbar, the base of the Corsairs of Umbar whose ships serve as the Dark Lord Sauron's fleet. 3. There are two of them in the Pelennor Fields level of Return of the King. The army of the dead was never really there. Historically the border with Gondor was to be the river Harnen, but by the time of the War of the Ring all the land further north to the river Poros is under the influence of the Haradrim. Tolkien's own annotated map of Middle-earth, used by the illustrator Pauline Baynes to construct her iconic map, suggests that "Elephants appear in the great battle outside Minas Tirith (as they did in Italy under Pyrrhus) but they would be in place in the blank squares of Harad – also camels. [27][24] Straubhaar concedes that Shapiro may have had a point with "slant-eyed", but comments that this was milder than that of many of his contemporary novelists such as John Buchan, and notes that Tolkien had in fact made "appalled objection" when people had misapplied his story to current events. That's not to say you have to be a LOTR scholar or Tolkien academic to post or enjoy this subreddit, but that we'd prefer not to have image macros or movie gifs filling up this forum. [41] Games Workshop have produced miniatures and rules relating to Harad for use in the Middle Earth Strategy Battle Game, including for mumakil and Corsairs of Umbar. They of which must be killed to complete the level. Fear and wonder, maybe, enlarged him in the hobbit’s eyes, but the Mûmak of Harad was indeed a beast of vast bulk, and the like of him does not walk now in Middle-earth; his kin that live still in latter days are but memories of his girth and majesty. After journeying long and far across the sands of Harad, several of Middle-earth's greatest heroes find themselves surrounded by enemies and stranded far from home. [The King of Rohan does not hesitate.] Where did they come from? Its people are the dark-skinned Haradrim or Southrons; their warriors wear scarlet and gold, and are armed with swords and round shields; some ride gigantic elephants called mûmakil. He deduced that this word referred to some kind of soot-black fire demon … [8][19] With his "Southrons" from Harad, Tolkien had – in the view of John Magoun, writing in The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia – constructed a "fully expressed moral geography",[18] from the hobbits' home in the Northwest, evil in the East, and "imperial sophistication and decadence" in the South. If they are less effective than horses, such a power/weight ratio of around .75 seems reasonable. Middle-earth mountains Amon Hen. You can only progress once there is one Mumak in play for every player in the game, even if you have got more than 12 progress on the quest. The resulting meaning for Sigelhearwan, Tolkien decided tentatively, was "rather the sons of Muspell than of Ham", an ancient class of demons in Northern mythology "with red-hot eyes that emitted sparks and faces black as soot". Frodo and Sam do not see much of the battle, since they are positioned elsewhere, but they hear the sounds of fighting, and a slain Haradrim warrior crashes at their feet. [14] The critic Tom Shippey writes that Tolkien's philological research, described in his essay "Sigelwara Land",[T 19] began from the assumption that the word could not originally have meant Aethiopian, but must have been co-opted to that usage having once meant something comparable. [28], In Peter Jackson's film The Two Towers, the Haradrim appear Middle Eastern, with turbans, flowing robes, and riding elephants. Big as a house, much bigger than a house, it looked to him, a grey-clad moving hill. In any case it seems certain that using the Mûmakil as pulling animals, especially on pretty even ground, was very ineffective, not even taking into account the logistical nightmare of keeping them fed. You handled the many assumptions which must be made very well. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment, The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment, "3 Most Photographed Lord of the Rings Locations", "The Lord of the Rings, The Battle for Middle-earth II Game Guide. A hinny, the offspring of a male horse and female donkey is much rarer and more closely resembles its mother with the long ears of a donkey. Expansion of: VI, 1, 55). There we also see a 5 ton elephant pulling a 3 ton log. Ware! It is possible that they were relatives of the Swarthy Men who went to Beleriandafter the Edain. [13], Tolkien decided that Hearwa was related to the Old English heorð, meaning "hearth", and ultimately to the Latin carbo, meaning "soot". Éomer and Lothiriel: They first met on a moonlit night in Minas Tirith but their romance was not off to a smooth start, on the contrary. [T 17][T 18], Tolkien did not work out any particular languages for the Haradrim, though mûmak, "elephant", may be in the Harad language. [T 14] They become mixed with Númenórean settlers, some of whom fall under the sway of Sauron as "Black Númenóreans". We use cookies on our websites for a number of purposes, including analytics and performance, functionality and advertising. Hi… Games Movies TV Video Movies TV Video Almost as bad as Orcs, and much bigger. Harad possesses jungles with apes,[T 8] grasslands,[T 9] mountains and deserts. I remember that it is written that they are beasts of burden for the Haradrim (southerners? The vegatation of Ithilien is said to contain, small woods of resinous trees, fir and cedar and cypress, and other kinds unknown in the Shire [LotR II, 318]. Over the centuries many Haradrim fall under Sauron's dominion, and to "them Sauron was both king and god, and they feared him exceedingly". We know from ancient sources like Xenophon that often many teams of oxen were needed to pull siege towers. [42][43], Fictional land in Tolkien's Middle-earth, south of Gondor and Mordor. In Harad also lived the elephant-like mûmakil (or oliphaunts). She quotes the Swedish cultural studies scholar David Tjeder who described Gollum's account of the men of Harad ("Not nice; very cruel wicked Men they look. [T 11] He wears a scarlet tunic, as do the other Haradrim, and a gold collar. In Peter Jackson's film The Two Towers, the Haradrim were based on 12th century Saracens; they have turbans and flowing robes, and they ride elephants. by Ahmad-madman in lotr.
Théoden similarly rallies his men shortly before he falls and is crushed by his horse. He wondered what the man's name was and where he came from; and if he was really evil of heart, or what lies or threats had led him on the long march from his home. Among the Mûmakil: The Adventures of a Elven Fugitive Living in Far Harad screamed the cover of the book in a loud, overexcited font. This is sharper than thy tongue. Join your heroes for the long and perilous journey back to Gondor when The Mûmakil arrives to retailers in the fourth quarter of 2016! If a Mumakil were to reach even half of that, they would be approaching the size of the giants of Peter Jackson's films, which I would estimate to be between 15 and 30 meters. This is due to an uneven chromosome count although in rare cases, female mules have been known to give birth to foals. I cannot recall much being said about Oliphaunts, but i do recall there being a poem about them in The Adventures of Tom Bombadil. Add to Wishlist. Mûmakil the one wiki to rule them all fandom what is the longest snake in world quora spinosaurus carnivores wiki fandom 10 longest living animals on earth greentumble what is the longest snake in world quora. We are not told how many are present (although it must have been more than one - Mûmakil is a plural word), and we not told if any were killed. Bats sided with the Orcs and Wargs in the Battle of Fi… Oliphaunts lived in the jungles of Far Harad, far to the south of any known maps of Middle-earth, where the Haradrim called them Mûmakil. [T 13], The Haradrim are independent peoples, but in the Second Age they are caught between the ambitions of Sauron (the Dark Lord) and the Númenóreans, who often kill Haradrim or sell them as slaves, and who become rulers of Harad. The only means of taking them down is with arrows and spears. This subreddit is a space for the Tolkien nerds of reddit to debate and discuss the whole Tolkien mythos. I could scarcely believe my eyes. Welcome to Card Game DB Register now to gain access to all of our features. This is exactly what ancient authors tell us from the behaviour of Elephants at the Siege of Numantia, the Battle of Zama, the Battle of the Hydaspes and many more. That power doesn't scale positively with the mass of an animal is clear, the rule of thumb seems to be the smaller it is, the more mass it can carry per unit of own mass. With Colin Farrell, Anthony Hopkins, Rosario Dawson, Angelina Jolie. His upturned hornlike tusks were bound with bands of gold and dripped with blood. As they are CG, their scale changes depending on the shot. Once registered and logged in, you will be able to create topics, post replies to existing threads, give reputation to your fellow members, get your own private messenger, post status updates, manage your profile and so much more. His trappings of scarlet and gold flapped about him in wild tatters. Mules are 99.9% sterile. In LotR III, p.111 it is stated that the Mûmakil of Harad pulled siege towers and engines. [T 2] Aragorn briefly describes his journeys in the land as being in "Harad where the stars are strange". To his astonishment and terror, and lasting delight, Sam saw a vast shape crash out of the trees and come careering down the slope. Only in the minds of the people present. Many characters in the Mahābhārata were described as skilled in the art of elephant warfare e.g. In fact, the elephant going mad after being hit by too many darts and stampeding through friendly forces can be considered a literary trope in tales of siege and battle since classical antiquity, one that Tolkien would have been well aware of. Harad's west coast (the nearest to Gondor) is washed by the Great Sea, the western ocean of Middle-earth. [27] She similarly observes that Tjeder had failed to notice Tolkien's "concerted effort" to change the Western European "paradigm" that speakers of supposedly superior languages were "ethnically superior". would go mad and spread stamping ruin among the orcs unnumerable that guarded it [LotR III, 112]. The Harad Road is the main overland route between Gondor and Harad. The southern armies of Haradrim with the Mûmakil (elephants) come to the aid of the orcs. Seems like Rhun would be pretty interesting. House Prices on the Cape of Belfalas: Stately Houses are available from 145 Mithril Coins The total weight of the siege tower here is around 10.000 pounds, its height around 6 metres. It is safe to say that they are by far his favourite model in the range. [T 1], The elves named the land and its people Haradwaith, "South-folk", from the Sindarin harad, meaning "south", and gwaith, meaning "people". [9] Despite having a meaning in Quenya ("fate"), the name Umbar is adapted from the natives' language and not from Elvish or Adûnaic. Tolkien approached the question by analysing the two parts of the word. I won't go further into detail on ancient war elephants, since /u/nilhaus has already done so. The Mûmakil indeed came from Harad, which is the south of Middle-Earth, as opposed to Rhûn which is the east. [T 3] Tolkien confirmed that this meant that Aragorn had traveled "some distance into the southern hemisphere" in Harad. Other scholars such as Walter Scheps and Isabel G. MacCaffrey have noted Middle-earth's "spatial cum moral dimensions". The Mûmakil's most defining feature is undoubtedly their vast size, allowing the armies of Mordor to erect war towers on their backs.
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